ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The placement of an enteral feeding tube is the foundation for providing enteral nutrition. But due to the anatomic complexity of the stomach and the duodenum, to a certain degree, there are some technical difficulties in the placement of postpyloric feeding tube, especially in critically ill patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of placing nasoenteral feeding tube with a transnasal ultrathin endoscope.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 49 patients, involving 46 (93.9%) being American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) grade III (n = 3) and grade IV (n = 43), in whom a nasoenteral feeding tube was placed with a transnasal ultrathin endoscope by using over-the-wire technique. The related clinic information during the procedure including success rate, time required, complications and monitoring results of vital signs was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The tube was placed at or beyond the Treitz's ligament in all of the 49 cases and the total tube-placement success rate was 100% including the one-time tube-placement success rate 95.9%. The tube placement was successful in 46 (93.9%) cases by transnasal method and 3 (6.1%) cases by transoral method. In the 47 cases whose one-time tube-placement success was obtained, the average procedure time was (6.2 +/- 5.6) minutes. For the 3 patients the endoscope inserted transorally due to the failure of transnasal insertion, the total procedure time was (12.3 +/- 2.1) minutes. In the period of nasoenteral tube placement, the average systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and average pulse oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) did not show any significant change. Apart from 3 patients in whom nausea occurred in the procedure and 2 nasal bleeding, no any other acute complications arose.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method of placing nasoenteral feeding tube with the transnasal ultrathin endoscope is not only efficient, time-saving, technically simple, and painless to patients, but also safe especially in critically ill patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Critical Illness , Endoscopes , Enteral Nutrition , Methods , Intubation, Gastrointestinal , Methods , Vital SignsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of decoy-oligodeoxynucleotides (decoy-ODNs) in dumbbell shape with the oligodeoxynucleotide sequence similar to nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) cis-elements on expression of inflammation mediators in pMPhi cells from rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>With carriers of cationic liposomes, decoy-ODNs were transfected into pMPhi cells of rats. Then the inhibiting effects of the decoy-ODNs on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Decoy-ODNs could decrease the expression of TNFalpha and IL-6 in dose-dependent fashion but had weaker inhibiting effect on IL-10.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Decoy-ODNs targeting NF-kappaB can decrease the expression of inflammatory mediators in pMPhi cells from rats.</p>